2004 - Treatment Outcome of Primary Malignant Bone Tumors in Two Oncology Centers in Nigeria: A Ten-Year Retrospective Study

02:30pm - 04:00pm PT

Hall F

Screen: 30

POSTER

Presenter(s)

Olukemi Alegi, MB, ChB - University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City, IA

O. A. Alegi¹, M. Bashir², O. G. Oluyede², O. A. Popoola³, C. S. Aruah⁴, A. R. Oyesegun⁴, M. O. Evbuomwan¹, O. A. Alabi⁵, M. Y. Habeebu⁵, and A. C. Sowunmi⁵; ¹Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City, IA, ²Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria, ³Marcelle ruth cancer center and specialist hospital, victoria island, Nigeria, ⁴National Hospital Abuja, Nigeria, FCT Abuja, Nigeria, ⁵Department of Radiation Biology, Radiotherapy & Radiodiagnosis, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-araba, Lagos, Nigeria

Purpose/Objective(s):

The incidence of primary malignant bone tumors (PMBT) in Nigeria is increasing. Many patients present to treatment centers late, which hampers prompt diagnosis and treatment. This delay is often due to misguided cultural and spiritual beliefs, the situation is exacerbated by a lack of adequate diagnostic and therapeutic facilities. As a result, information regarding the treatment outcomes for PMBT in Nigeria is limited. This study aims to evaluate the 1-year treatment outcomes for patients treated over a ten-year period at two oncology centers in Nigeria.

Materials/Methods:

The Ethics Committees of both Hospitals approved this study. Patient charts for those diagnosed with PMBT and treated at the two hospitals from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2019, were examined. The normality of the data was assessed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Descriptive analysis, Chi-square tests, Fisher's Exact test, and multivariate logistic regression were performed to identify independent predictors of mortality at one year.

Results:

A total of 104 patients diagnosed with PMBT were treated at two centers. Mean age of the patients was 30.68 years (standard deviation 10.8). Most patients were male (61.5%) and in their second decade of life (32.7%). Majority were students (44.2%). Most patients reported swelling in the affected area (62.5%). Majority (60.6%) reported no pain. Additionally, 94.2% reported no family history of cancer and 94.2% had no history of trauma. Osteosarcoma was the most common histological type found in both males (59.4%) and females (50%), followed by chondrosarcoma, with the femur being the most prominent location affected. At the one-year follow-up, 55 patients were alive, 36 had died, and 13 were lost to follow-up. Notably, 23 of the 36 deceased patients were over 40 years old. There was a significant association between the duration of symptoms and one-year survival, particularly at the 1–3 month mark (p < 0.001). Additionally, multivariate logistic regression indicated that age was a significant predictor of one-year mortality (p = 0.008).

Conclusion:

This study examined the treatment outcomes for patients at two oncologic treatment centers in Nigeria from 2010 to 2019. We found that osteosarcoma is the most common type of cancer in both males and females, with most cases located in the femur. Mortality rate for PMBT was higher among patients over 40 years of age and those with osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma. There was a significant association between the duration of symptoms at presentation and one-year survival. Age was identified as the most significant predictor of one-year survival. The annual incidence of PMBT in Nigeria is steadily increasing; therefore, early diagnosis and optimal treatment are essential to reduce mortality rates. More research is needed to develop rapid staging and simplify treatment protocols, particularly in resource-poor settings.